This would seem an easy thing to do but it can be a maze of screens.
You can go to the SQL Server manager and go help –> about
You can also run the SQL query below
SELECT @@VERSION ‘Version’, serverproperty(‘edition’) ‘Server Edition’ , SERVERPROPERTY(‘ProductLevel’) ‘ProductLevel’
which gives information like this
Version
Microsoft SQL Server 2008 R2 (RTM) – 10.50.1600.1 (X64) Apr 2 2010 15:48:46 Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation Enterprise Edition (64-bit) on Windows NT 6.1 <X64> (Build 7600: ) (Hypervisor)
Edition
Enterprise Edition (64-bit)
Product
RTM
Whilst searching for a list of build numbers I found this excellent article from Microsoft which contains information about how to find version numbers of different products and lists some of the version numbers of the different releases
How to determine the version and edition of SQL Server and its components
if you want a comprehensive list of SQL Server number then the blog below is excellent
Hosk's Dynamic Blog 
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